Yishuo school district (41) | SPSS statistical analysis (51) factor analysis operation

SPSS（51）.mp34:50来自LearningYard学苑

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上一期我们学习了主成分分析的实践操作，这一期我们来学习关于因子分析的实验操作。因子分析的出发点是用较少的相互独立的因子变量来代替原来变量的大部分信息。因子分析有两个核心问题：一是如何构造因子变量；二是如何对因子变量进行命名解释。因子分析有以下5个步骤：

第1步，将原始数据进行标准化。

第2步，确定待分析的原有若干变量是否适合于因子分析。

第3步，构造因子变量。

第4步，利用旋转使得因子变量更具有可解释性。

第5步，计算因子变量的得分。

SPSS

In the last period, we learned the practical operation of principal component analysis. In this period, we will learn the experimental operation of factor analysis. The starting point of factor analysis is to replace most of the information of the original variables with fewer independent factor variables. Factor analysis has two core problems: one is how to construct factor variables; The second is how to name and explain factor variables. Factor analysis has the following five steps:

Step 1: Standardize the original data.

Step 2: Determine whether the original variables to be analyzed are suitable for factor analysis.

Step 3, construct factor variables.

Step 4: Make the factor variable more interpretable by using rotation.

Step 5: calculate the score of factor variables.

仅仅这样解释还不足够，我们来看一个采用因子分析的SPSS实例：

This explanation is not enough. Lets look at an example of SPSS using factor analysis:

为了研究几个省市的科技创新力问题。现取了8个省市某年的15个科技指标数据，试分析一个省的科技创新能力主要受哪些潜在因素的影响？

In order to study the scientific and technological innovation ability of several provinces and cities. Now, we have taken 15 scientific and technological index data from 8 provinces and cities in a certain year to try to analyze what potential factors affect the scientific and technological innovation capacity of a province?

下面是对指标意义的解释：

X1：每万人口科技活动人员数（人/万人）

X2：从事科技活动人员中科学家工程师所占比重（%）

X3：R&D人员占科技活动人员的比重

X4：大专以上学历人口数占总人口数的比例（%）

X5：地方财政科技拨款占地方财政支出的比重（%）

X6：R&D经费总量占GDP比重（%）

X7：R&D经费中基础研究经费所占比例（%）

X8：人均GDP（元/人）

X9：高技术产品出口额占商品出口额的比重（%）

X10：规模以上产业增加值中高技术产业份额（%）

X11：万名科技人员被国际三大检索工具收录的论文数（篇/万人）

X12：每百万人口发明专利的授权量（件/百万人）

X13：发明专利申请授权量占专利申请授权量的比重（%）

X14：万人技术市场成交合同金额（万元/万人）

X15：财政性教育经费支出占GDP比重（%）

The following is an explanation of the meaning of indicators:

X1: Number of scientific and technological personnel per 10000 people (person/10000 people)

X2: The proportion of scientists and engineers in scientific and technological activities (%)

X3: Proportion of R&D personnel in scientific and technological activities

X4: Proportion of the population with college degree or above in the total population (%)

X5: proportion of local financial science and technology allocation in local financial expenditure (%)

X6: Proportion of total R&D expenditure to GDP (%)

X7: Proportion of basic research funds in R&D funds (%)

X8: GDP per capita (yuan/person)

X9: The proportion of high-tech product exports to commodity exports (%)

X10: share of high-tech industries in added value of industries above designated size (%)

X11: Number of papers collected by ten thousand scientific and technological personnel by the three major international search tools (articles/ten thousand people)

X12: Authorized number of invention patents per million people (pieces/million people)

X13: Proportion of the authorized amount of invention patent applications in the authorized amount of patent applications (%)

X14: Contract amount of 10000 people in technology market (10000 yuan/10000 people)

X15: Proportion of fiscal education expenditure in GDP (%)

下面，我们来使用SPSS对这个问题进行分析处理。

Next, lets use SPSS to analyze and deal with this problem.

第一步，分析并组织数据。如题所述，我们要分析一个省的科技创新能力受哪些潜在因素的影响，可用因子分析法进行分析。我们依照上面的变量指标描述，建立x1~x15共15个数据变量和一个“省市”字符型变量，将北京、天津等8个省市作为个案数据输入并保存。

The first step is to analyze and organize the data. As mentioned in the title, we need to analyze the potential factors that affect the scientific and technological innovation capacity of a province, which can be analyzed by factor analysis method. According to the above variable index description, we have established a total of 15 data variables from x1 to x15 and a character variable of "province and city", and input and save 8 provinces and cities such as Beijing and Tianjin as case data.

第二步，因子分析设置。我们按照下图所示进行因子分析的SPSS设置。

The second step is factor analysis setting. We set the SPSS for factor analysis as shown in the figure below.

第三步，主要结果与分析。

The third step is the main results and analysis.

下期预告：本期，我们学习了

因子分析的实践操作。

下一期，我们将会学习

经典的时间序列分析的基础知识。

今天的分享就到这里了

如果您对今天的文章有独特的想法

欢迎给我们留言

让我们相约明天

祝您今天过得开心快乐！

Thats all for todays sharing. If you have unique ideas about todays article, please leave us a message. Lets meet tomorrow. I wish you a happy day today!

参考资料：百度百科，《SPSS 23 统计分析实用教程》

翻译：百度翻译

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